AI Policy

• No Authorship: Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, large language models (LLMs), or AI-assisted technologies (such as ChatGPT, Claude, or similar) cannot be listed as an author or co-author on any manuscript submitted to this journal. AI tools lack the capacity to hold accountability, grant copyright, or assume legal responsibility for the work.
• Full Accountability: Authors are entirely accountable for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of their work. Any factual errors, biased statements, or instances of plagiarism generated by AI tools remain the sole responsibility of the human authors.

• Language and Readability Enhancement: Improving the grammatical structure, spelling, clarity, and overall readability of the text (e.g., using Grammarly, QuillBot, or LLM-based copy-editing).
• Technical Assistance: Assisting in code generation, basic data formatting, or creating preliminary conceptual diagrams, provided that the final outputs are rigorously verified by the authors.

• Content Generation: Authors must not use AI to write substantial portions of the manuscript, including the abstract, literature review, core discussion, or drawing definitive scientific conclusions.
• Image/Data Manipulation: Generating fake research data, synthetic images, or altering experimental visuals using AI graphics tools without clear scientific justification is strictly forbidden and constitutes academic misconduct.

• Submission Declaration: Upon submitting a manuscript, authors must declare whether AI tools were used during the research or writing process.
• In-Text Statement: If AI tools were utilized, authors must include a clear disclosure in the "Declaration on the Use of AI" section at the end of the manuscript (prior to the References). Authors must specify the tool used and the nature of its application.

• Confidentiality: Reviewers and editors are strictly prohibited from uploading submitted manuscripts or peer-review data into generative AI tools (such as ChatGPT). Doing so violates the author's confidentiality rights and data privacy protocols.