Anticoagulant Medications: A Comparative Review of Aspirin, Warfarin, Heparin, and Apixaban
DOI:
10.47709/ijmdsa.v3i1.3755Keywords:
Anticoagulant Medications, Aspirin, Warfarin, Heparin, Apixaban.Dimension Badge Record
Abstract
Anticoagulant drugs play a role, in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This article offers an in depth look at four prescribed anticoagulants; aspirin, warfarin, heparin and apixaban. We delve into how they work, when they are used recommended doses, how they are processed in the body, side effects and the need, for monitoring. Moreover, we compare the effectiveness, safety profiles and practical considerations of each medication to assist healthcare providers in making informed treatment choices. By grasping the features of these anticoagulants medical professionals can enhance treatment outcomes while reducing the chances of bleeding issues.
Abstract viewed = 277 times
References
Chia, J. E., & Ang, S. P. (2024). Drinking patterns of alcohol and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events after an acute coronary syndrome. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, zwae019.
Thachil, J. (2014). The newer direct oral anticoagulants: a practical guide. Clinical medicine, 14(2), 165.
Warner, T. D., Nylander, S., & Whatling, C. (2011). Anti?platelet therapy: cyclo?oxygenase inhibition and the use of aspirin with particular regard to dual anti?platelet therapy. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 72(4), 619-633.
Kim, J. H., Lim, K. M., & Gwak, H. S. (2017). New anticoagulants for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 25(5), 461.
Alquwaizani, M., Buckley, L., Adams, C., & Fanikos, J. (2013). Anticoagulants: a review of the pharmacology, dosing, and complications. Current emergency and hospital medicine reports, 1, 83-97.
Altman, R., Luciardi, H. L., Muntaner, J., & Herrera, R. N. (2004). The antithrombotic profile of aspirin. Aspirin resistance, or simply failure?. Thrombosis Journal, 2, 1-8.
Ahmad, I., Sheraz, M. A., Ahmed, S., & Anwar, Z. (2018). Multicomponent spectrometric analysis of drugs and their preparations. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology, 44, 379-413.
Sostres, C., & Gargallo, C. J. (2012). Gastrointestinal lesions and complications of low-dose aspirin in the gastrointestinal tract. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 26(2), 141-151.
Michelson, A. D. (2009). Methods for the measurement of platelet function. The American journal of cardiology, 103(3), 20A-26A.
Crader, M. F., Johns, T., & Arnold, J. K. (2017). Warfarin drug interactions.
Witt, D. M., Clark, N. P., Kaatz, S., Schnurr, T., & Ansell, J. E. (2016). Guidance for the practical management of warfarin therapy in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 41, 187-205.
Gage, B. F., Fihn, S. D., & White, R. H. (2000). Management and dosing of warfarin therapy. The American journal of medicine, 109(6), 481-488.
Wittkowsky, A. K. (2003). Warfarin and other coumarin derivatives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. In Seminars in vascular medicine (Vol. 3, No. 03, pp. 221-230). Copyright© 2003 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.:+ 1 (212) 584-4662.
Wysowski, D. K., Nourjah, P., & Swartz, L. (2007). Bleeding complications with warfarin use: a prevalent adverse effect resulting in regulatory action. Archives of internal medicine, 167(13), 1414-1419.
Saffian, S. M., Wright, D. F., Roberts, R. L., & Duffull, S. B. (2015). Methods for predicting warfarin dose requirements. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 37(4), 531-538.
Hirsh, J., Warkentin, T. E., Shaughnessy, S. G., Anand, S. S., Halperin, J. L., Raschke, R., ... & Dalen, J. E. (2001). Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest, 119(1), 64S-94S.
Weitz, D. S., & Weitz, J. I. (2010). Update on heparin: what do we need to know?. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 29, 199-207.
Hyers, T. M. (1992). Heparin therapy: regimens and treatment considerations. Drugs, 44(5), 738-749.
Hirsh, J., Warkentin, T. E., Shaughnessy, S. G., Anand, S. S., Halperin, J. L., Raschke, R., ... & Dalen, J. E. (2001). Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest, 119(1), 64S-94S.
Hull, R. D., Garcia, D. A., & Burnett, A. E. (2018). Heparin and LMW heparin: Dosing and adverse effects. UpToDate [Internet].
Despas, N., Larock, A. S., Jacqmin, H., Douxfils, J., Chatelain, B., Chatelain, M., & Mullier, F. (2016, November). Heparin monitoring: clinical outcome and practical approach. In Annales de biologie clinique (Vol. 74, No. 6, pp. 637-652).
Agrawal, R., Jain, P., & N Dikshit, S. (2012). Apixaban: a new player in the anticoagulant class. Current Drug Targets, 13(6), 863-875.
Cada, D. J., Levien, T. L., & Baker, D. E. (2013). Apixaban. Hospital Pharmacy, 48(6), 494-511.
Weitz, J. I., & Eikelboom, J. W. (2016). Appropriate apixaban dosing: prescribers take note. JAMA cardiology, 1(6), 635-636.
Byon, W., Garonzik, S., Boyd, R. A., & Frost, C. E. (2019). Apixaban: a clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic review. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 58, 1265-1279.
Cordeanu, M., Lambert, A., Gaertner, S., Nouri, S., Mirea, C., Alt-Tebacher, M., & Stephan, D. (2016). Apixaban-induced hepatotoxicity. International Journal of Cardiology, 204, 4-5.
Ward, C., Conner, G., Donnan, G., Gallus, A., & McRae, S. (2013). Practical management of patients on apixaban: a consensus guide. Thrombosis journal, 11, 1-8.
Heestermans, M., Poenou, G., Hamzeh-Cognasse, H., Cognasse, F., & Bertoletti, L. (2022). Anticoagulants: a short history, their mechanism of action, pharmacology, and indications. Cells, 11(20), 3214.
Saab, F., Ionescu, C., & J. Schweiger, M. (2012). Bleeding risk and safety profile related to the use of eptifibatide: a current review. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 11(2), 315-324.
Harder, S., & Graff, J. (2013). Novel oral anticoagulants: clinical pharmacology, indications and practical considerations. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 69, 1617-1633.
Riaz, T., Akram, M., Laila, U., Zainab, R., Khalil, M. T., Iftikhar, M., ... & Parmar, P. (2023). Therapeutic applications of glycosides obtained from medicinal plants. International Archives of Integrated Medicine, 10(8).
Ibrahim, H. K., Yousuf, A., Saed, A., Al-Awkally, N. A. M., Ahmed, A. A., & Ali, K. The Most Commonly Used Drugs in Combating the Emerging Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19).
Khalifa, H., & Abusaediyah, A. Nature and geometry of aromatic reactions in peptides: peptide models to protein engineering.
Downloads
ARTICLE Published HISTORY
Accepted Date: 2024-04-01
Published Date: 2024-04-01
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim, Areej Muftah Mohammed, Amal Muftah Abdalaziz, Rahma Alfetury Alside, Huda Muftah Masoud
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
